Alfred Silvester - Appendix 1 - Magic in Sydney

Magic in Sydney

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Alfred Silvester – the Fakir of Oolu and his Family of Magic
APPENDIX 1 - Scripts and Newspaper articles by Alfred Silvester Silvester (Alfred2)

Alfred2 (Alfred Silvester Silvester) wrote a series of six detailed articles on conjuring, the first appearing on May 12, 1900 in the Express and Telegraph (Adelaide) and, almost simultaneously, in the Chronicle (Adelaide).

Before those articles, we reproduce samples, dated 1904,  of Alfred’s patter for two tricks, which may either be verbatim examples of his own performance or, more likely scripts written for Emil Ruch, one of his pupils. The manuscripts are held in the W.G.Alma Conjuring Collection (State Library of Victoria) in the folder for South Australian magician, Harold Watson.

Lastly, from the Ensor Scrapbooks, a short card manipulation routine documented by another of Silvester’s pupils, Steve Barrington.
 
 
Colour Changing Handkerchiefs
I shall next introduce to you, what I term my [nonsense text, unclear] ?? dry Kalido wiper cleano scope-o, or in other words the transformation of colors of handkerchiefs – to use a Shakespearian quotation, “To dye, or not to dye – that is the question.” In this experiment I have occasion to use three white silk handkerchiefs – also – this small piece of paper. These white silk handkerchiefs, I intent to transform into whatever color I desire, by simply folding this piece of paper into the form of a tube – and shall simply [push] the handkerchiefs through, one at a time – you will observe the tube is perfectly clear. You can see through it – by the way, that is all I intend you to see through. Now for the experiment.
 
Number one handkerchief, I take in this manner, and upon passing through the paper tube you will notice that it will come out of the other end (“Red”).
 
Number two handkerchief, I take in a likewise manner, and on its voyage through the paper tube it becomes [yellow] . The last handkerchief, with a little repeat becomes (“Blue”) and upon unfolding the paper we find it exactly the same as previous to the experiment. You seem to wonder at it, and as I never like to puzzle people – and upon the payment of one Guinea each, I will explain the modus-operandi of this experiment, it being distinctly understood that you all leave your guineas at the box office, upon leaving the hall. (Bow, as if they all had agreed) Thank you.
 
Being possessed of enchantment by the marvellous [Horolsgism] and according to “Pyxidus Literarum”, this chartomantic experiment, founded upon Kharamatic principles, and under my kaleidoscopic eye, is easy enough for anyone to understand how the handkerchiefs change color, while passing through the paper tube. Don’t tell anyone else:- thank you – don’t forget the guinea.

 
Diminishing Cards
Brothers, you have often seen a conjurer  vanish a card instantaneously in the following mysterious manner (vanish card). I fancy I hear you say, “Oh, yes, do it too quick – do it slower, and give us a chance to find it out.” – Most certainly.
 
For once I will deviate from the rules of the Mystic Art, and perform the trick once more, not with a single card, but with the whole pack – thereby giving you ample opportunity of discovering the modus operandi of this experiment.
 
I have here an ordinary pack of playing cards, perfectly free from any mechanical contrivance. To prove this I will distribute a few among you (throw a few cards). Now by taking the remainder of the pack in my hands, in this manner and with a gentle squeeze I metamorphose the cards to half their original size – once more, in the same manner I again reduce them to one quarter their former shape – and now again we have them still smaller, this time you will observe that they are scarcely the size of a penny-piece The  last stage of the experiment is to reduce them so small that they are not even perceptible to the naked eye – Having performed the trick so slowly and by degrees, I trust there is no need for any further explanation – all that remains is for you to go home, and do just as I did, slowly, and then by a little practice quicker and quicker until you are able to vanish the whole pack in the same mysterious way I vanished the single card.
[Added note from Harold Watson: “I have the set of Diminishing Cards made by Alfred Sylvester for Emil Ruch in 1904”]
 

Card Manipulations - 1901
As taught to [Steve] Barrington as pupil of “Sils”.
Back palm one card and show back and front, and produce [from] air. Have duplicate card palmed in other hand; now pass first card thru legs. Backpalm one, produce other hand from backpalm, then extend arms and pass across from hand to hand.
Appear to place card in hand – backpalm and produce anywhere. BP card, show back and front then produce from leg. BP 5 cards in succession – show back and front – reproduce one at a time. Hold these cards in right hand, appear to take, and produce from mouth.
 
 
 
 
Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, South Australia), Saturday 12 May 1900, page 5
THE MAGICIAN
HIS METHODS EXPLAINED
HOW CARD TRICKS ARE DONE
(BY ALFRED SILVESTER)
The first authentic accounts of the magic art date back about 2000 years, although it was then in the most primitive condition, compared with its Perfection in these days. Even then, however, defeats of its professors were considered marvellous by simple and illiterate audiences. In these articles I will describe tricks and illusions included in up-to-date magic. In order to have a chance of  becoming a successful conjurer it is absolutely necessary that the learner should first thoroughly familiarise himself with the various tricks. It is impossible to devoted to much time to their acquirement and practise, they're being practically no limit to the degree of dexterity that can be reached. After proficiency has been acquired each trick that the beginner intend to perform must be carefully set out and clothed with a certain speech, technically termed "patter," the object of which is to cause the trick itself to assume, in the minds of the spectators, a plausible appearance.
 
The performer’s manner should be suave, but not over-polite, which is a mistake often made. Over- politeness tends to reduce the performer to a level below that of the spectators, whereas his object is to convey the impression that he is gifted with inexplicable power. Do not cultivate quick movements, though it will never do to be painfully slow. Endeavour to present your tricks in an easy-going, quiet, and graceful manner. It is generally understood that ‘the quickness of the hand deceives the eye’, but this is entirely erroneous. The deception really lies in the method of presenting and working the trick. The student must accustom himself to use his eyes and his hands independently of each other, and when performing before a company may have as many lights as he pleases in front of him, but must be careful to have none behind. In the attempt to show a handkerchief or other semi-transparent article to be empty when there is a bag of eggs inside, the light from behind would it once make manifest the extra thickness in the material and give a clue to the trick. Before proceeding to describe the various tricks it will be well to notice some of the accessories which are in constant use and requisition by everyone who practises the art of Conjuring.
 
THE MAGICIAN’S PARAPHERNALIA
 
The Magician's dress coat is provided with a large pocket in each tail, known as a profonde. The mouth is on a level with the knuckles and it slopes slightly from the back to the side. They are each about 6 inches in depth and about 8 in. across. The performer can thus, by merely dropping his hand to his side, let any article fall into the profonde on that side or take anything thence in a like manner; the action is natural and the audience do not observe it, especially if the performer slightly turns that side of his body away from the spectators. In addition to these pockets, to others, known as pochettes, are used on the trousers. They are soon on rather full at the back of the thigh and covered by the tails of the coat. They are useful to contain rings, coins, and other small articles required in the course of the performance. There are also two pockets known as breast pockets, one in each side of the coat. These should be large enough to contain a dinner plate and should be made with the bottom sloping a little towards the back, to prevent articles placed in them from falling out. The opening should be in a perpendicular position, about 2 inches from the edge of the coat. Such pockets are especially useful in producing globes of fish, rabbits, doves &c. or any large or cumbersome article required for magical production. Other pockets can be added according to the fancy of the wearer, but the above generally suffice.
 
The servante is a secret shelf usually behind the performer’s centre table and measures about 6 in. in width, their being about the same distance from the top edge of the table to the ledge, and it extends nearly from end to end. It is principally used to place articles on to be magically produced in various ways. It is also used to vanish articles as occasion may require. Generally there are two traps on the top of the table at each side towards the front, cut circular, about 3 1/2 inches in diameter, hinged towards the back, and kept flush with the tabletop by means of a spring on the underneath. These are principally used for vanishing oranges, lemons, balls, &c. by the performer simply covering the articles with his hands in the act of picking them up, but actually forcing them through the trap. He apparently comes forward with the article in his hands, which mysteriously vanishes. The top of the table should be covered with a dark figured cloth and the drapery ornamentation around its edge should be from 9 in. to 1 ft in depth.
 
In the absence of a specially prepared table a servante can be readily devised by pulling the drawer at the back of any ordinary table out for about 6 in. and throwing a cloth over the whole, the cloth being well pushed into the drawer so as to form a pad to deaden the sound of any article dropped into it. If a table with a drawer cannot be obtained a servante which will answer the purpose can be arranged by throwing a cloth over the table and pinning it behind in the form of a bag. The wand is indispensable to the successful carrying out of many experiments. This is a rod about 15 inches long and half an inch in diameter, usually ebony with ivory tips. A dark background is preferable, either of curtains or scenery, when giving an entertainment.
 
TRICKS WITH CARDS
Cards, of course, play an important part in a magician’s programme, and as they require more practise than most other tricks I will commence at the foundation upon which the principal professional card tricks are based -  that of "forcing”, "the pass," "shuffling," etc. This part of the sleight whereby a person is compelled, but without his knowledge, to draw such cards out of the pack, that the conjurer wishes to have selected. There is a certain indefinable something about the force in influencing the spectator's choice in an unnoticeable manner. This part of the sleight is practically impossible to explain, but will be readily understood and learnt by the beginner after he has made a few experiment on the subject. But now to the mechanical part of the force itself. After requesting the spectators to shuffle the pack thoroughly, the performer receives it back and quickly notices the top card. In the act of advancing towards the spectator he makes a “pass”, bringing the top card to the middle of the pack, and inserting his little finger to mark its position. He immediately spreads the cards out fan-shaped, requesting the spectator to select one. Just as the spectator is about to take a card the performer, who has in the meantime gradually passed the upper half of the cards from one hand to the other (left-to-right), arrives at the selected card, of which he has carefully kept track, and exposing this card slightly more than the others causes the spectator's choice to fall upon this particular card. The beginner is cautioned not to expose or offer the desired card at too early a stage of the "force." At the moment at the spectators fingers are about to close on a card the desired card must be there and not sooner. Should, anytime, the performer fail to force a particular card the customary expedient is to request the person to retain the drawn card, whereupon the conjurer goes to a more obliging person (ladies are the easiest to force cards on),  and after forcing the desired card does the trick he originally intended to perform, after which he requests the first spectator to replace his card in the pack, which is again shuffled. The conjurer next performs one of the many existing tricks with the chosen card.
 
After the performer has thoroughly mastered the art of ‘forcing’ he can venture to force a card while the pack is held by one hand only. The desired card is the top one. In the act of advancing towards the spectator this performer makes the "pass," thereby bringing the card from the top to the middle of the pack, allowing the two packets to form a step. The upper packet is then spread by the left but none of the cards are exposed nearly as much as the desired card, which is the top card of the lower heap. Upon requesting a spectator to kindly select a card the latter’s choice will most always fall upon the card that is exposed the most. Dependent upon this fact is a still bolder form of forcing, the cards in this case being placed on a tray held by the performer. In offering the cards the performer simply takes care to expose the card or cards that he intends to force more than any of the others.
 
Amateurs, to accomplish the above, use what is called a what is termed a forcing pack, that is, a pack in which all cards are alike, or else a pack consisting of say, ten knaves of clubs, ten 7 of diamonds, and ten Queens of Hearts. The cards of each description are kept together, and the amateur forces one card from each division of the pack. To vary this, he still uses the forcing pack, but instead of keeping the cards of each description together, he has a series of 3 cards, 10 times repeated, thus:- knave/ Queen/ 7, knave/ Queen/ 7, and so on unto the end. He comes forward apparently shuffling these cards (See false shuffles), then places the cards on a tray, asks a spectator to cut them where he pleases, and then to take the three top cards, retaining one for himself and handing the two others to his neighbours. He then proceeds with whatever trick he has arranged in his programme.

 
The pass is a sleight to cause the upper and lower parts of a pack of cards, divided into halves by the little finger which is held between them to change places; that is the upper part of the pack is made to take the place of the lower one, and vice versa. Usually the selected card is placed on the lower half of the pack, the upper half is then placed on top of this, whereupon upon the pass is made in the twinkling of an eye, the conjurer’s object, to bring the selected card from the middle to the top of the pack. Some conjurers prefer the insertion of the third finger instead of the fourth one. The pack is now covered by the right hand, which seizes the lower half of the pack, the fingers being stationed on the upper edge of the cards and the thumb at the bottom. Under cover of the right-hand the upper half of the pack which is held clipped between the 3rd and 4th fingers is drawn away till it just clears the lower half. Simultaneously with this movement the right hand lifts up the lower half, the root of the thumb acting as a support. Thus both packets are just made to pass each other without actually touching, both having now changed places.
 
False shuffles have generally some object or reason, the first being to keep in view a particular card, or cards, and the second to keep the pack in arranged order. These are merely shuffles in appearance, all the cards being brought back into the same position they occupied previous to being shuffled.
 
The first method is used to keep a particular card in view. Take the pack in the left hand. If the card you wish to keep in view is not already on the top then insert the little finger of the left hand just above that card and make the "pass” to enable you to bring it to the top. Then transfer this card to the right hand and slide the remaining cards on it by successive parcels of 6 or 8 cards, one above the other. The known card will now be at the bottom of the pack. Take the pack again in your left hand, slide off three or four of the top cards into your right hand, and place the remainder of the cards in parcels of 6 or 8 as before, alternately above and below these top cards, till you come to the last card, which is the selected one, and which you can place above or below as occasion may require. If you wish to keep three or four cards in view the mode of the operation is exactly the same, except that you must treat those cards throughout as a single card, and accordingly keep them together.
 
The second method to retain the whole pack in a pre-arranged daughter is as follows:- take a pack in the left hand, slide off with the thumb of that hand 5 or 6 cards into the right hand, and place the remainder of the cards by parcels of five or six at a time (apparently) alternately above and below these first cards, as in the usual mode of shuffling. I say "apparently," but in reality, although you make the motion of placing every alternate packet above the cards in your right hand, yet you do not leave it there, but draw it back with your thumb on the top of the cards in your left hand, and then placed it by your next movement "under" the cards in your right hand, thus making the pack as it was at the first on set, as the cards in the left hand, instead of being placed alternately above and below those in the right hand are all really placed below.

To Palm a card hold the pack in your left hand and bring the card you decide to palm (either by the pass or otherwise) to the top of the Pack. With the thumb push the top card until it projects slightly beyond the edge of the pack. With the third finger of the left hand press the card upwards into your right hand, which should close slightly over it. You may let your hand fall easily to your side and can then offer the pack to be shuffled. To return the card to the pack is a very easy matter, as the mere action of taking the cards from the left into the right returns the card to the top. If the card should retain its bent form from being held in that position in the hand it may readily be straightened by ruffling the card slightly with the left hand. If the performer has a large hand he will find no difficulty in being able to palm a complete pack of cards. Heigh presto!
 
 
 
Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, South Australia), Saturday 19 May 1900
THE MAGICIAN
HIS METHODS EXPLAINED
HOW CARD TRICKS ARE DONE – No. II
(BY ALFRED SILVESTER)
A very effective trick which is being performed at the Egyptian Hall, London, is known as CARD CRICKET.
The performer shows his hands empty. He then takes a pack of cards and requests three of the audience to select one card each and to remember what the cards are. The cards are returned to the pack and well shuffled. The magician next introduces an ordinary cricket bat, which is passed around for inspection, and upon being returned is placed upon the table in full view of everybody. He next asks if any member of the audience can bowl, and requests any gentleman who answers in the affirmative to come and have a game at cricket. The magician now asks the gentleman to take the pack of cards and bowl them at him, promising to display his ability as a most remarkable batsman. Suiting the action to the word, he picks up the bat and cries "play." The cards are thrown at him, he strikes the pack with the bat as the cards are in the air, and the chosen cards are observed sticking to the bat.
 
This novel trick is very easy to perform. In the first place the three selected cards are forced (or a forcing pack is used.) They are then replaced and the pack is shuffled well. If a forcing pack is used, the pack must be changed for an ordinary one minus the cards selected, which is easily accomplished in the "profonde." The cricket bat is an ordinary one and after being freely examined by the audience is laid upon the table until the magician finds gentleman who will bowl the pack at him.  The whole secret lives in placing the bat upon the table; previous to commencing the trick the magician places face down on the table in a line with each other the three duplicates of the cards he intends to force. The back of each of these cards is covered with cloth corresponding to the colouring of the table., thus preventing anyone noticing the cards when placed face down on the table. On the cloth covering of each card is placed a small quantity of self adhesive wax. When the bat is placed on the table care must be taken to let it lie exactly over the three cards. With a slight pressure the wax on the cards will adhere tightly to the bat. After the gentleman who has consented to bowl the pack of cards at the performer is in his place, the magician picks up the bat and stepping forward says “play.” The instant the flying cards touch the bat he turns it round showing the side of the bat on which are sticking the three cards, which appear to have been caught on the back from the flying pack. Until the pack of cards is thrown against the bat the magician takes the greatest care not to turn the side of the bat towards the audience to which the cards adhere. Immediately after the trick let your assistant gather up the scattered cards as quickly as possible in case any of the selected cards (which really have been shuffled in the pack) are visible. This trick, properly performed, is provocative of much wonder.
 
 
CARD CAUGHT ON A PLATE - the magician requests a gentleman to select from the pack any card he may desire, and then to mark it so that he will be sure to recognise it again. The same spectator is then handed the pack and is requested to replace his card and shuffle the pack. The magician next introduces an ordinary china plate, which he shows from both sides, to be unprepared. He next takes the plate in one hand and throws the pack in the air with the other. As the cards descend in a shower he makes a lunge amongst them with the plate, upon which he catches the card chosen by the spectator, who identifies it by his mark.
 
This trick is as simple as it is pretty, no previous preparation being necessary for its performance. Before handing the cards to a spectator with the request to select one at random the magician bends the ends of the pack in a downward direction. After a card has been removed and while it is being marked the magician again bends the pack, but in an opposite direction, so that after the spectator has returned his card to the pack no amount of shuffling will prevent the magician from immediately finding the desired card. It will be the only one bent in an opposite direction to the rest of the cards, while the pack will open slightly at the very place where this card is situated. After inserting the little finger under the chosen card, the performer brings it to the top of the pack by means of the "pass." Then he places the cards, for the time being, on the middle of the plate, to which he has previously attached a small pallet of adhesive wax. By lightly pressing the pack the chosen the card on top is made to add here to the plate, upon which the cards are placed upside down. The magician then takes the plate, turns its lower side towards the spectators, and allows the free cards to slide into his hand. They are then thrown into the air, the selected card being apparently picked out from among them with the plate. After detaching the card from the plate the magician secretly removes any traces of the wax which may adhere to the back of the card. He gives the card to the spectator who selected and marked it for identification.
THE DEMON ENVELOPE - The magician comes forward, having a large envelope in one hand and a complete pack of cards in the other. Placing the envelope against a candlestick or some apparatus on his table, so that it remains in full view during the course of the trick, he proceeds to shuffle the cards. Then taking up an ornamental dagger, or paper knife, he goes among the spectators, and handing one the dagger, requests him to insert it anywhere in the pack. The magician takes off all the cards above the dagger and asks the gentleman to take the top most card of the lower heap, on which the dagger now rests, cautioning him to remove the card so that he (the magician) cannot obtain a glimpse of its face. In a similar manner five more cards are selected at random by different spectators, each one retaining the card in his position. Remaining away from the spectator magician calls for his assistant, who is told to hand the envelope to some prominent gentlemen, who is then requested to open it. In doing so he discovers in it another envelope, on the outside of which is written the name of the card selected by the first gentleman, who is requested to hold up his card so that everyone can see the card and the name on the envelope correspond. The next envelope is opened and inside of it is found a third bearing the name of the second card chosen. The trick precedes in this manner, the gentleman discovering as many envelopes, one inside another as there were cards selected, each envelope bearing the correct name of drawn card.
The solution of this mysterious and effective trick is very simple. In the first place it is necessary that the magician and his assistant should have memorised some 17 different cues some simple code of second sight, consisting of 17 different cues, or words, 13 of them representing the different values of the cards and 4 the suits. The pack of cards used, the shuffle to which it is subjected being a false one. The envelope placed by the magician upon the table is really empty, the set of envelopes opened later on by the spectators being in possession of the assistant behind the scenes. After the dagger has been inserted in the back by the first gentleman the magician, as will be remembered, takes off all the cards above the dagger, by glancing at the lowest card of this heap, according to his formula, he can instantly tell the name of the card next to it, which is taken by one of the audience.
 
In inviting the second gentleman to insert the dagger anywhere in the pack he words his request so as to bring into play The cue or word for the name of the first card selected. The assistant, who is listening, thus becomes acquainted with the name of the card. For the different cues such simple  short phrases as "now, Sir," "please," "if you please," "kindly," etc, will be found to be the most serviceable. The exact arrangement I leave to the ingenuity of the student who can easily invent a brief system nicely adapted to his own style. By this means he communicates all the names of the selected cards to his assistant, who writes them separately on the outside of the envelopes, quickly enclosing one in another, places all of them in a large envelope, which he conceals under his coat and stands ready to obey the call. The magician, in order to give him the necessary chance to get ready, occupies a little time by stating what has taken place and explaining how totally impossible it would be for anyone to know the name of the cards selected in such a fair manner. He calls for the assistant, who steps forward and is told to take the envelope from the table and hand it to a gentleman, whom he requests the audience to select. While this is being done the assistant turns to pick up the envelope, at the same time substituting the concealed that concealed under his coat. He secretly place is it on top of the envelope on the table and, picking both up, he adroitly places the empty envelope under his coat and turns around with the nest of envelopes in his hand. These he gives to the gentleman the spectators have decided upon. The assistant must be clever enough to change the envelopes in a second time without being detected in the act. This feat is easily accomplished with very little practice. The trick, which is now practically over is brought to a conclusion as described.
 
 
The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, South Australia), Saturday 26 May 1900
THE MAGICIAN
HIS METHODS EXPLAINED
HOW TRICKS ARE DONE
(BY ALFRED SILVESTER)
No. III
CONGRESS OF NATIONS
Attention is called to the fact that nothing is concealed up the sleeves. In fact, if necessary the arms may be bared before commencing. Three pieces of tissue paper of different colours are brought forward, each being about a foot square. These are handed to the audience for examination. They are then returned to the performer, and when he rubs them gently in his hand the papers gradually disappear, while hundreds of little flags of the same colours as the papers, and each mounted on little sticks, are seen growing, as it were, from the hands of the magician. These are distributed amongst the audience, until only two or three are held in hand. From these the original papers are really produced.
 
Under pretence of being asked for some more flags by a member of the audience who has not been fortunate enough to obtain any the magician repeats the operation. More flags are produced from his hands. They are waved slightly and a large Union Jack, large enough to almost cover them magicians body is produced.
 
The working of the trick is as follows:- these little flags are about four inches long and three inches wide. They are made out of tissue paper, each flag being a mounted on a thin stick of ‘bass’. They are laid one on the other until there are about a hundred in each packet. They are rolled tightly, the ends of the sticks being clipped to a uniform length. They are then rolled up in black tissue paper. One of these packets is concealed under each lappet of the coat, the black paper preventing them from being seen. When the papers are being taken back from the audience one at a time, nd two papers are in the right hand, they should be held by placing the second finger outside the papers, toward the audience.
The remaining fingers are held behind the papers, nearest the performer. In the act of reaching out  the left hand to receive the third paper to the right the right hand is naturally over one of the packets, and it can easily be taken without observation from the lappet of the coat by the fingers of the right hand which are hidden from the audience and under cover of the papers. The flags are unrolled behind the papers and, as they make their appearance, the sheets of tissue paper, including the black rolled tightly in the right hand and palmed. To reproduce the papers the right hand is brought towards the tops of the two or three remaining flags in the left hand, and the papers are produced from them and spread out to the audience, the black paper being squeezed up tightly and dropped to the ground amongst the falling flags. The operation is repeated in a similar manner, but the left hand takes the packet out from the lappet on this occasion, under cover of the square piece of tissue paper. The large flag is concealed in the in the vest or side pocket of the coat, whichever is most convenient. By keeping a dozen or two flags from the second packet in the hands opportunity is afforded to obtain the large flag which should be tightly rolled, in such a manner that by holding the two corners at the top of the flag it unfurls and opens immediately at one pull. The papers of the second packet are palmed until the large flag is unfurled, when they can easily be placed unobserved in one of the pockets of the coat.

THE DICTIONARY TRICK
This is an improvement on the old trick under the same name, as any dictionary may be used, whereas, formerly, the trick was accomplished by a dictionary composed of only one page repeated throughout.
 
The methods is as follows:- the magician hands a sealed envelope to a spectator, asking him to take charge of it and not to break it open until asked to do so. A dictionary is then given for examination,  after which one of the audience inserts in it, at any page, a playing card. A counter bearing a number (29) is taken from a bag containing 50, all numbered differently. The dictionary is opened at the page containing the card and due note is taken of the 29th word, counting from the left hand top corner. Supposing the word to be “magician - One skilled in magic”. The spectator is next requested to open the envelope and, on doing so, finds to his astonishment that it contains a piece of paper, on which is written the exact word and its meaning, in accordance with the word apparently chosen by chance from the dictionary.
 
To perform this purchase and ordinary shilling dictionary, and, having opened it somewhere about the middle, bend the covers right back until they touch each other. Any new book used this way will always, unless otherwise maltreated, open readily at the same place. After the dictionary has been examined the magician allows it to fall open at this page, in to which he secretly introduces a playing card. Previously palmed in his right hand. The book is then closed. The magician, still retaining the book, gives a playing card, identical with the one palmed and inserted in the book, to a lady, and requests her to insert it between the leaves in any position and push it right into the book. The magician takes care the two cards do not clash. After this the dictionary is laid upon the table. A small fancy bag is now introduced, from which the magician takes a handful of counters, numbered from 1 to 50, and shows them to the audience, after which they are replaced in the bag. A spectator is now requested to place his hand in the bag and remove one counter, but no matter how careful he may be the number chosen will be 29, which is accounted for by the fact that the bag is provided with a division through its entire length, forming two pockets, one of which contains the counters numbering from 1 to 50, and the other 50 counters or bearing the number 29. The dictionary is now opened by the magician at his own page, which everyone will be under the impression to be that chosen by the lady. Someone is asked to note the 29th word on that page as indicated by the counter, the trick being brought to a conclusion as already described. The magician can always ensure the left hand page of the opening is read by holding the book, with the card in such a position that the 29th would on the right hand page cannot be seen. Care must also be taken not to expose the duplicate card.

METAMORPHOSIS OF A GLOVE
The magician must provide himself with a white kid glove torn into several pieces, a second white kid glove of a very large size "made expressly", and a third of a very small size, such as is used for dolls. He will then proceed as follows:- in commencing he must have the "torn up" glove palmed in his right hand, in which he also holds his wand. Next he borrows a white kid glove from a lady in the audience, holds it near to flame of a candle, as though intending to curl it round his wand. Then suddenly he drops the latter and rolls the glove nervously between his hands as though he had accidentally scorched it. This enables him to roll the borrowed glove into a ball and exchange it for the "torn” glove, which he then pulls apart, bit by bit. By dropping one or two pieces on the stage he gives an opportunity, as he stoops to pick them up, to slip the borrowed glove into his profonde, and to get into his hand the large size glove, just inside of which he has concealed the very small one. Sometimes magicians prefer concealing such articles under the lower edge of the vest. Now, by rubbing the torn glove between his hands, under the pretence of endeavouring to repair it, he rolls the pieces into a ball, which he conceals in the palm of the right hand, and produces instead the very large glove. He asks one of the audience to take hold of the finger of the glove, which is dragged out little by little and is found to be of giant size. He holds it up so that all may see it, and by his action is enabled to deposit the torn glove in his left hand into his left hand profonde. Under the pretence of trying on the glove he puts his hand inside, and gets possession of the very small glove, which was concealed inside it. He rolls the large glove in a ball on the table and in doing so vanishes it through one of the small round traps. He still continues the rolling motion, and comes forward, as if it still  remains in his hands, and, by degrees, he gradually presents to view the very small glove, which he places on the end of his wand, which he holds up high; and whilst all eyes (including his own) are gazing upon it he obtains from his profonde where he had previously deposited it, the borrowed glove and palms it into hollow of the hand. It is then a very easy matter to vanish away the little glove and to restore, in its original condition, the one that was absolutely borrowed in the first instance.
 
The whole effect of these trick depends upon the address of the magician, and every possible artifice must be studied to mark the successive substitutions. In the execution of this trick the wand plays an important part, as by holding it in the same hand which holds the glove to be “changed” you prevent the unavoidable contraction of the fingers attracting any attention.
 
SAND TRICK
In this experiment different coloured sands are mixed in a large bowl or basin of water, and are afterwards brought out of the water in handfuls, dry and each colour separate. You commence by showing an ordinary basin to the audience. Turn up your coat and shirt cuffs, and half fill the basin with water. You then bring forward two bags containing sand, one red and the other white, and two plates. Poor two coloured sands into the basin, adding several handfuls alternately from each bag, stirring it around in the water; which assumes a muddy appearance. You then invite a gentleman to assist you, and, taking a handful of wet sand, you put it on a plate and ask him to separate the red from the white. He naturally declines the task. You assure him of its simplicity and proceed to exemplify it, asking the audience which they would like produced first. Whichever may be mentioned you immediately pour out a handful perfectly dry on a plate, afterwards doing the same with the other colour, &c. Preparatory to performing the trick you wrap up a handful of each sand in a piece of goldbeater’s skin, making a packet a little smaller than a hen’s egg. Twist the top round once or twice and tie it tightly with a piece of thin twine. Cut the superfluous goldbeater’s skin off, and seal each packet with sealing wax, just sufficient to prevent the water percolating through into the sand, using different coloured wax to denote the colours of the sand within the different packets. Two of these packets are concealed in the large bags of sand, and in the act of taking the sand out of the bags you introduce the packets of sand into the bowl. You then place your hand in the basin, get hold of the proper packet bring it out with the hand closed, shaking the water off the hand and packet, and squeezing the latter it breaks the skin and the sand runs out perfectly dry upon the plate. Place the hand again into the bowl, as if to rinse it. The skin cover is left in the water, or can be palmed away whilst wiping the hands with a towel, and so on. The packets can also be made up by using waxed paper, if they are not required to stay long in the water.
 
A great benefit is derived from attending entertainment given by magicians and every opportunity should be availed of. By listening attentively to the remarks you will gain many, not only as to how a trick may be improved, but also as to what movements in its execution are necessary for its successful performance.
 

The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, South Australia), Saturday 2 June 1900
THE MAGICIAN
HIS METHODS EXPLAINED
INSTANTANEOUS MEMORISATION.
A MENTAL PHENOMENON.
No. IV
(By Alfred Sylvester)

What is the principle of memory? It is that a conception of or an idea can only be caused by another when it is connected directly or indirectly with the latter, or when there is a direct or indirect connection between the two. We deduce from this the general principle of memory, viz. that every representation or idea to be repeated voluntarily must refer directly or indirectly to another which is already familiar. In this manner we arrived at a system which, in short, is a code system. In it are represented the ten numbers or digits by a numerical arrangement of sounds or sound words and keywords. The ten numbers or digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0, are represented by the sounds of certain consonants, thus-
 
1 by T, or its equivalent D.
2 by N.
3 by M.
4 by K.
5 by H.
6 by Sh, ch, tch, j or g (soft).
7 by K, G, ng, q, or c (hard).
8 by F or V.
9 by B or P.
0 by S, Z or C – soft (hissing sound)

That these are cognate words we can easily determine by taking any word in which they occur and asking ourselves how a foreigner would pronounce it. Since the word “judge”; it becomes chudge, shudge, or tehudge. “This” is ‘dis’, “paper” is ‘baper’ etc. Now once having learned the sounds that represent the letters we form words in which the sounds occur, once, twice, or thrice, as we want them. These words it is best for every person to form for themselves but to help the student towards this I will explain further.

No. 1 is T.ea
No.2 is N.oe
No. 3 is M.ay
No. 4 is R.ye
No. 5 is L.ow
No. 6 is Sh.ow
 
And so on’ and say 116 would be “Toad show.” The vowels count for nothing. It is best to make the words. Understand that this list of words is arbitrary and must not be changed. Something strong, something you will always remember, even if it is ridiculous, as in the case of 116. Having once made the list of words, say to the extent of 100, and memorised then, when your sounds are borne in mind you are ready to apply them.
 
They can be applied to almost anything that it is desired to remember. Wwhen your 100 words are memorized you can have various persons write on slate a list of numbered words, say, to the extent of 100; if possible, the names of articles. When each word is read make a mental picture connecting it with the sound word in your vocabulary that corresponds to its number. These pictures must be Vivid. For instance, No.1 an “umbrella”; form a picture of a tea party in the open air. It commences to rain, so they hoist an “umbrella” over the group. If number 5 in the list should be a “table,” picture a “low” man on a high table delivering an oration.
 
You first think of your keyword, which, in this case is T, number one, and your mind reverts to the tea party, umbrella scene. Again, No.5; I see a low (5) man on a big table, &c. So you can run the list backwards and forwards or in haphazard order giving any number called for. As an introduction you can speak of Lady Macbeth, calling memory the “warder of the Mind” and add that you must award her the merit of being up to snuff - Scotch snuff, presumably. Then remark that we must not make light of such a dark subject, as in your opinion, a man cannot hold a candle to woman in the matter of memory, instancing the fact of a woman in church taking in at a glance and remembering every new article of dress her neighbours wear.
 
The following is a code that can be easily remembered, when the letters representing the sounds are first memorized as mentioned:-
1. Tea
                51. Lead
2. Noe                 52. Line
3. May                 53. Lime
4. Rye                  54. Lyre
5. Low                 55. Lily
6. Show               56. Lash
7. Key                  57. Leg
8. Fay                  58. Leaf
9. Bee                  59. Lip
10. Dice               60. Chaise
11. Toad              61. Shed
12. Tin                 62. Shin
13. Dime              63. Sham
14. Door               64. Share
15. Tile                65. Shell
16. Dish               66. Judge
17. Deck               67. Chalk
18. Dove              68. Shave
19. Tube               69. Chop
20. Net                 70. Case
21. Noose             71. Coat
22. Nun                72. Can
23. Name             73. Comb
24. Nero               74. Chair
25. Nail                75. Coal
26. Niche              76. Coach
27. Nag                 77. Cake
28. Navy               78. Cuff
29. Nib                 79. Cab
30. Mace               80. Face
31. Mat                 81. Fat
32. Moon              82. Fan  
33. Mummy           83. Foam
34. Mare               84. Fire
35. Mole               85. File  
36. Mush              86. Fish
37. Mick                87. Fig   
38. Muff                88. Fife  
39. Map                89. Fop
40. Rice                90. Baize
41. Rat                 91. Bot
42. Rain                92. Bone
43. Ram                93. Beam
44. Rarey              94. Boar
45. Rail                 95. Bell
46. Rash               96. Bush
47. Rake               97. Bug
48. Reef               98. Beef
49. Rope              99. Baby
50. Lace              100. Disaster
 
After deciding on your key board never change it. At first glance it looks very formidable to learn but, as mentioned before, when know the 10 consonants and their equivalents it is extremely simple and requires but little practice. As a concluding test you can request the persons who have written the numbered words upon the slates to mention any article, where upon you immediately tell them its number. The performer is usually blindfolded when going through this experiment.
 
THE SUPERNATURAL MEMORY
Is presented as follows:-  the magician holds in his hand a deck of cards composed of 32, all different. He asks a lady or gentleman to take from this pack a number of cards, say half, or a little more, and to sort them into the different suits. The balance of the pack he hands to another person in the audience asking him to do the same, informing him at the same time that it will be his duty to check the operations he is about to accomplish. That is to say that he is to see that the cards to be presently called for from the first person are not among those he holds. The magician next produces a set of loto cards, and asks a lady to choose one of them, and, lastly, passes around an Almanac. He now explains that he has cultivated his memory to such an extent that at a glance he can retain any quantity of objects, and to illustrate the fact he asks the first person to spread out, fan-wise, the cards held in his hand and to show them to him for one second only. The same request is made to the lady who holds the lotto card, and likewise to the person who has the Almanac, who is asked to by him at the same time to name any monthly pleases. “January”. Very good. Then turning to the first person the performer asks him to give him from the cards he holds in his hands the ten of Hearts, eight of clubs, the nine of diamonds, the knave of spades, the Ace of Hearts, and the seven of clubs. Turning immediately to the lady who has the loto card he asks which row of figures she would like him to repeat? Top row - 24, 44, 53, 66, 86. To the gentleman with the Almanac he says “you selected the month of January, sir. Be kind enough to name a date?” “The 29th.” “The ninth of January falls on a Monday.” He asks that the Almanac shall be passed to another gentleman, whom he requests to select a month. May. Going to the person with the cards he asks for the king and queen of diamond, the ten of spades, the eight of hearts, the nine of clubs, knave of diamonds, the ace of spades, the seven of hearts, and the queen and king of clubs. Referring to the lady with the loto card he again asks which row of figures she would like him to repeat. The middle row. 6, 14, 39, 58,  70. Turning sharply to the gentleman with the Almanac he says, “you selected, May, sir”. Name a date.” -  17. “The 17th of May is a Thursday.”

Again the Almanac is passed to another gentleman with a request to select a month. July. Then from the first person with the cards he asks for the queen of diamonds - no, we have already had that card - the ten of diamonds, eight of spades and nine of hearts. The last row of figures on the loto card is 1, 25, 44, 69, 80. To the gentleman with the Almanac, what date in July? 14. The 14th of July falls on a Saturday. Addressing the first person with the cards he remarks, “you have but one card left; it is the king of spades.” Going to the gentleman who holds the lower half of the pack he requests him to hand him back the cards, as there is nothing more to check. Returning to the first person the asks him to place the king of spades in the middle of the pack, which he does and retains the cards in his own keeping. He now asks the first person into which of the two candles on the table he shall pass the king of spades. Whichever one is chosen the magician, with his wand, cries “Presto!” ”Pass!” On examining the cards that one is found to have vanished, and upon cutting the candle into the king of spades is revealed to the audience.

HERE IS THE EXPLANATION
The pack of cards is pre-arranged in a known order (king, 10, 8, 9, knave, Ace, seven, queen) and introducing them the ‘false shuffle’ is given. Get one of the audience to cut from the pack a little more than half and take notice of the bottom card, or the top card of the lower half, giving the lower half to some other spectator. Ask that the holders of the cards each to sort his portion into the different suits. This is done in order to destroy the arrangement of the cards, which, otherwise, some specially cute person might possibly notice. This done, you ask a lady to choose one of the loto cards. These cards are all alike, and the three rows of figures you have committed to memory. An Almanac of the present year is handed to the audience, who may indicate, first, any month, then any date of the month, when you will tell them instantly on what day of the week the date so chosen falls. For this you must commit to memory the date of the first Saturday in each month. This is not a very difficult matter, in any case, and by the help of some simple form of mnemonics should be mastered in a few minutes, or some doggerel verse will give the date of the first Saturday in each month of the present year:
 
February, March, November 3,
In Merry May five we see
Four for August stands alone,
For September and December one;
Seven for April and July,
two will be the date for June supply,
And six each are between, January and October, I ween.
 
Bearing these in mind you have merely to subtract from the required day of the month the date of the first Saturday, as above; then divide by 7, and the remainder will give you the day of the week; one indicating Sunday, two Monday and so on.
Should,  however the date required the one earlier than the first Saturday, you have merely to reckon backwards from the first Saturday. Another mode is with a confederate, as follows: prepare seven pieces of card on the face of which you have printed very bold letters indicating the seven days of the week thus:
 
M.          TU.         W.          Th.          F.            SA.         SU.
 
You then ask someone to name a date in that particular month chosen, and it will be for your confederate to find out the date as quickly as possible and hold up one of the cards indicating the day. As he is placed facing you at the extreme rear of the hall and the attention of all present is naturally attracted to yourself no one is likely to suspect the artifice employed. At the concluding portion of the trick, and after naming the last card in the first gentleman's hand, take back the other half of the pack from the person whose duty it is at the request of the audience to check your operations. Have the card to you last named replaced in the middle of the pack, make the ‘pass,’ bringing to card to the top of the pack, ‘palm’ off the card, give the pack to someone to hold, drop the palmed card into your profonde, announced that it is your intention to pass the card into one of two candles which are on your table, according to the choice of the audience (you have beforehand taken the precaution to prepare both candles with a king of spades in each). Ask someone to look through the pack, so as to make certain that the card is no longer therein, and after exclaiming “Presto! Pass!” cut the candle in halves, and produce the card. The card is inserted in the candle by folding it around and inserting it in an aperture made lengthwise in the candle with a sharp knife, and filling the crevice up with its own composition.
 
THE KNIGHT’S TOUR OF THE CHESS-BOARD
In this performance the magician has his lady assistant seated in a chair blindfold, and on the stage he has an easel upon which is a square blackboard marked out into following manner with chalk:

You simply explain to your audience that the common chess (or drafts) board has 64 squares, and that a knight has the privilege of jumping two squares crossways, and in this instance he will start from any given number and tour the whole board, not covering the same square twice, and finally finishing on the square originally started from, at the dictation of your lady assistant. There are 4,096 combinations in a knight’s tour and your lady assistant will perform this difficult task blindfold. Procuring a piece of chalk you request a member of the audience to whisper the number upon which he wishes the lady to start and in this instance a code is used to convey to her the number of the starting point. A very good code is as follows:
 
1.       I                             6. Please
2.       Go                          7. Will
3.       Can                        8. Now
4.       Look                      9. Now then
5.       Quick                    10. Favor me

Supposing the selected number be ‘8’ you go immediately to the board with the chalk and obliterate 8, remarking at the same time “Now proceed.” The lady, knowing well that 8 is the starting point, has previously committed to memory the following numbers in rotation, viz:-
 
8, 23, 6, 16, 31, 21, 11, 1, 18, 28, 38, 48, 63, 53, 43, 33, 50, 60, 45, 39, 56, 62, 52, 58, 41, 35, 25, 10, 4, 19, 36, 51, 57, 42, 59, 49, 34, 44, 54, 64, 47, 37, 27, 17, 2, 12, 22, 32, 15, 5, 20, 26, 9, 3, 13, 7, 24, 30, 40, 55, 61, 46, 29, 14 (8)
 
She does not mention eight, but proceeds with 23, and so on under the above code until she comes to 14, when she remarks, “and back to number 8 where you originally started from.” The magician, in the meantime, after obliterating the first number draws a line to the following number 23, doing the same thing continuously until arriving on the same number started upon.
 

The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, South Australia), Saturday 9 June 1900
THE MAGICIAN
HIS METHODS EXPLAINED
HANDKERCHIEF TRICKS
No. V
(By Alfred Sylvester)

MAGICAL PRODUCTION OF HANDKERCHIEFS
For the magical production of handkerchiefs the magician comes forward, showing his hands to be perfectly empty, and baring his arms. An apparatus is used, in the shape of an extra finger. It is made of tin, and painted flesh colour to match the hand, with a kind of forked clip, with which it is fixed to the hands between the second and third finger. It contains a small coloured silk handkerchief. If the hands are continuously waved about the extra finger cannot be detected. When it is necessary to produce the handkerchief, either from the air, or gentleman's whiskers, the additional finger is brought into the palm of the hand, the handkerchief extracted, and the empty finger conveniently got rid of by palming, or by secreting it under the handkerchief produced. The finger is really an indispensable accessory, and is used in many tricks with handkerchiefs.
 
Similar to the foregoing is a small sheath, or clip, painted The colour of the hand, and fixed to the inner side of the second finger. When the hand is slightly bent the sheath fills up the curve made by bending the fingers, and the handkerchief is concealed underneath the sheath. Another  piece of apparatus of the same class is a false palm made of metal, coloured also to match the hand, and fastened by two clips on the sides or edges of the hand. A handkerchief is sometimes concealed in a small leather bag about the size of a crown piece, which, being suspended by a fine thread from the thumb, hangs at the back of the hand. In this case it can either be made to appear, or disappear.
 
As a very good appliance for causing the disappearance of a handkerchief can be made from a small celluloid ball about one and three quarters inch in diameter, which will hold two or three silk handkerchiefs if desired. A three-quarter inch hole must be cut in it. On one side of the ball opposite of the opening fix a loop of flesh coloured silk, long enough to pass easily over the thumb, and to suspend the ball on the back of the hand so that it does not hang to low. When required the ball is taken up secretly undercover of the handkerchief, and thumb of the left hand is passed through the loop. Then, while appearing to roll up the handkerchief, it is worked through the opening into the ball, which is pushed over to the back of the left hand under cover of the right. The palms of the hands are now shown empty. When performing this trick the magician naturally stands with his right side to the audience. Two or three of these balls, as mentioned, of various sizes will always prove useful.
 
MAGICAL PRODUCTION AND DISAPPEARANCE
of handkerchiefs. In this trick the magician comes on stage showing both his hands empty, back and front. He then pulls up both sleeves and immediately produces a white silk handkerchief (large size) which he hands for examination. Then by simply shaking the handkerchief, he obtains from it about half a dozen other coloured ones usually about 15 inches square. The coloured handkerchiefs are then caused to vanish by simply rolling them up in two hands. They are immediately afterwards reproduced, all tied together by the corners, from the white one. The preparations are as follows:
A slit, about half an inch long, is made in the seam of the trousers, at the right knee, and two of the coloured handkerchiefs, each having a minute piece of blackened cork fastened to the corner by means of a piece of black silk twist are laid down inside of the back of the right leg of the trousers. The corks protrude through the slit made at the knee to enable the magician to instantly draw them out. Two handkerchiefs of different colours are placed in the pocket on the left side. A fifth handkerchief, also prepared with a piece of cork, is placed in the front of the vest, the cork protruding through the watch chain hole. It may seem almost impossible, but the silk may be drawn through this hole very rapidly and quite easily. A sixth handkerchief is contained in the false finger (as described), which should be placed in the right hand trousers pocket.
 
As the handkerchiefs are produced they are thrown over the back of a chair fitted with a network servante behind the top deep rail, where is suspended a vanisher as already described. A ball of six duplicate handkerchiefs, all tied together by the corners, is placed under the front part of your vest, slightly towards the right hand side. The white handkerchief is rolled up into a small compass and tied with a piece of white sewing silk, just strong enough to hold it. It is then placed in the hollow of the arm at the elbow, the arm being slightly bent so as to retain it in its position. The magician upon making his appearance shows his hands, and when in the act of pulling back his sleeves, he secretly obtains possession of the handkerchief, breaks the thread, and develops it slowly. Having had the handkerchief examined and while holding it by the corners, he spreads over the knee as if drawing attention to the fact that it is totally unprepared. Then, in the act of raising it and shaking it the whole of the time he pulls the two coloured handkerchiefs through the slit, in the right leg of the trousers. While developing these in a natural and easy manner, he takes the two from the pocket on the left side. He places the white handkerchief in the left hand to conceal the coloured ones, throwing the other two over the back of the chair. He now produces the two in the left hand in a similar manner throwing them in the front part of his centre table. Then, taking the white handkerchief by the corners, and while turning it around to show both sides, he seizes the piece of cork at the buttonhole of the vest and produces the fifth handkerchief, throwing both over the back of the chair. For the production of the last handkerchief a little patter is necessary. You declare that “I overheard the remarks of two gentlemen in the front seats, one insisting that they came down my sleeve” (suiting the action to the word), “and the other person that he saw me take them out of my pockets.” By way of illustration, you thrust your hands into your pockets, and fix the finger in position, withdrawing the hands and placing together; you can continue by saying they are both wrong, for if the handkerchief came down the sleeve everyone would be sure to see it, and if from my pocket they would also see it; showing the hands you bring them together, reverse the finger, and shake out the handkerchief, and place it with the other two on the front part of your centre table, dropping the finger on the ‘servante’.
 
To cause the disappearance of the handkerchiefs proceed as follows: take up the three coloured ones on the chair, at the same time secretly obtain the ‘vanisher’, and with an up and down motion of the hands work them into the ball. Passing the ball to the back of the hands,  show the palms empty. You then proceed to your Centre table, upon which are the remaining three handkerchiefs, and deposit the vanisher on the servante. Taking up the handkerchiefs you roll them up into a ball, and carelessly placed them on the left hand front corner ‘trap’ of your table, covering them for an instant with your hands, during which time you have pushed them through the trap, you walk forward, as if still having them in your hands, and you gradually cause them to vanish. Then, taking up the white handkerchief you wave it up and down, and show it on both sides, in the action of  which you seize the ball of six handkerchiefs under your vest with the second, third, and fourth fingers, and gradually work out the coloured handkerchiefs one after the other, tied together at the corners.
 
Should the magician wish to extend this trick he could announce that he would proceed to separate the knotted handkerchiefs, either one at a time or all together, simply by blowing upon them. The handkerchiefs, which are tied together by what is called by sailors a ‘common reef knot’, are examined, and being returned the magician tries and apparently tightens each knot, but in reality he takes one end and draws it sharply the reverse way, when it will draw the handkerchief in a straight line, forming a slip knot of the other handkerchief. Repeating this process upon the five knots, he borrows a gent’s hat, and taking each knotted handkerchief, and the knot between his thumb and first finger of the right hand, he covers that knot with the centre part of the next handkerchief with his left hand. He apparently drops the knotted handkerchiefs into the hat but as the knots have already been drawn into the required position what actually takes place is that he absolutely slips each knot free before dropping it in the hat, and so on, until all the handkerchiefs are in the hat. Then he asks the if audience would like them separated all together all one at a time. If ‘one at a time,’ he simply throws them out quickly one at a time. If ‘all together’, he takes them all in his hand, and tosses them up in the air, where they will be seen to separate and return to the hat.
 
FLASH PAPER
[Compiler’s Note: these chemical effects are dangerous and should not be attempted]
… Is prepared by a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids, one part of the former to two of the latter. It is made, and allowed to stand for 12 hours before using. The experiment should be made in the open air. Ordinary tissue paper is immersed in the fluid for a few seconds, after which it is taken out and washed well in clear water, until all trace of acid has been removed. This can be ascertained by the use of blue litmus paper which, when dipped into the water will betray the presence of the acid by turning red. The paper should be dried in a warm atmosphere, but not near a fire, and it is ready for use.

FLASH HANDKERCHIEFS
Are prepared in a similar manner as above. For this purpose take a piece of fine cambric, wash it well in hot water to remove all grease and other impurities, and treat it in the same way as the paper. These handkerchiefs are also prepared by soaking fine Muslim or cambric repeatedly in a solution of magnesium which when ignited vanish with a brilliant flash. One of these handkerchiefs may be hung upon a fine wire in full view of the audience, and when touched, presumably by the performer’s wand, but really by a glass rod heated at one end and substituted for the wand, it ignites and disappears instantly in a flash of a flame. Another method by which the same effect may be produced, except that the handkerchief disappears from the performer’s hand without the aid of the heated glass rod, is as follows:- To prepare a flash of this description some fine glass vaccine tubes must be procured, and filled with sulfuric acid, after which the ends of each two are fused together by simply holding the end in a gas flame. Next a powder consisting of two parts of chlorate of potash and one of powdered sugar is procured. A small sheet of flash paper of about the size of a cigarette paper is then taken, and a tiny quantity of gun cotton, about the size of a pea, pulled out lightly and made fluffy, is laid on the paper. A tiny portion of the powder, about as much as would cover half of a threepenny piece, is spread upon the gun cotton, with the point of a pen knife. One of the tubes of the acid is then laid on the powder and the whole is rolled a like a small cigarette, and the ends are screwed round to prevent any powder or the small glass tube from slipping out. A flash thus prepared can be laid on the table ready for use, and when wrapped lightly in a corner of a flash handkerchief, and held between the first and second finger and some of the right hand only a slight pressure of the thumb is necessary to snap the tube. The acid in it mixes with the chlorate of potash and sugar, which ignites the gun cotton, consumes the flash paper and thus conveys the fire to the prepared handkerchief, which is instantly consumed. To prevent accidents, never prepare the papers or even mix the powder, until actually required for use.
 
THE RESTORED HANDKERCHIEF
For this trick you require a substitute flash handkerchief, a piece of fine cambric about five inches square, a pair of scissors, and a prepared candle, made of stout white paper, fitted with a piece of genuine candle at the end. But as it has to be finally opened by the performer the effect is much better if he prepares a genuine wax candle which can be eventually broken by one of the audience. The mode of proceeding is merely to hollow an ordinary wax candle from the lower end, the cavity being large enough to hold a small handkerchief. Care must be taken to leave sufficient of the candle on top to burn for some minutes. Perhaps it would be better still to get a tinsmith to make you a proper mould thus saving a lot of time and trouble. Having the piece of cambric, and being prepared with a substitute flash handkerchief, which is usually carried just under the vest, you advance to the audience and borrow another, selecting that most suitable to your purpose. You carefully roll it up, and on returning to the stage exchange it for the substitute, which you carelessly fold, the audience being under the impression that it is the borrowed one. You call for a candle; unfortunately your assistant does not instantly bring it. Being rather irritable for the time being you throw the supposed handkerchief on your table and start for the candle yourself. At the wings you meet the inattentive assistant, and complain to him in a loud whisper. You then, unperceived by the audience, throw forward the borrowed handkerchief from under your vest right off stage. You immediately return to your table. Your assistant quickly picks up the borrowed handkerchief, folds it carefully, and puts it into the prepared candle, which he fastens up at the bottom with a piece of soft wax, puts it into a candlestick, lights it, brings it upon the stage, and puts it upon your table. With the piece of cambric in your hand, you take up the substitute handkerchief and, advancing towards the audience draw out an end of the cambric which will be supposed to be the handkerchief, between the finger and thumb, and offer one of the audience that pair of scissors, requesting him to cut the handkerchief. You at the same time present to him the end of the cambric, which he cuts. Take from him the portion cut. Returning towards the table, you remark that you will show them your patent way of mending your linen, &c., and accordingly hold the piece cut into the left hand, and the main piece in the right. Hold the ends near to candle, but not too close. Appear to rub them into soft wax, then rub them together, and by degrees shake out the substitute handkerchief which covers the piece of Cambridge that you palm, and show that the handkerchief is fully restored. You then move towards the lender with the intention of restoring it. On your way you pretend to hear someone remark that he knows how that is done. Looking at someone you express a doubt on that point, and although you have an objection to this to do the same trick twice, promise to break your rule this time in order to convince him that it is not the old way of doing it, and that therefore he does not know how it is done. But, in order that there shall be no doubt about it, pass him the substitute handkerchief and the scissors and request him to cut a piece out. This being done, the two pieces are returned to you, and you hold them up. This time you request your assistant to bring you the candle and candlestick from your table, you give it to the gentleman to hold, also asking him to stand up so that everybody can see. Holding both pieces of handkerchief high up in your left hand you gradually lower them, informing your audience that you are about to do exactly as you did before. Apparently not looking at what you are doing, you allow the edge or corner of the handkerchief to come in contact with the flame of the candle, and it goes off like a flash of lightning. You appear to be astonished at its sudden disappearance, and ask the gentleman if he has it in his pockets. He assures you that he has not. The idea occurs to you that it must be in the candle, where upon you extinguish the flame and ask if he will be good enough to break the candle in the middle. There the handkerchief is at once found rolled up. Take it immediately with the pieces of candle to prevent a too narrow examination, and shake out the handkerchief, showing that it is quite restored. Then return it to the owner with thanks.

 
The Express and Telegraph (Adelaide, South Australia), Saturday 16 June 1900
THE MAGICIAN
HIS METHODS EXPLAINED
‘SECOND SIGHT’
No. VI
(By Alfred Sylvester)

SUPERNATURAL VISION
Second sight was the crowning feat of the late Robert Heller, and one which made his fortune. The performance is carried out thus: a young lady seated upon the stage, and having her eyes bandaged with one or two handkerchiefs, names deliberately and gives the description of articles handed one after the other to the magician by the audience. Attempts have been made to expose the mystery, but it has always been so tangled and inexplicable that it would be impossible for the Inquirer to come to anything near a correct answer. Heller, after much study, succeeded in simplifying and perfecting a system, embracing every variety of article classified in sets, as shown in the accompanying table; one question, with a word or two headed, sufficing to elicit a correct answer for 10 different articles.
 
The student must first familiarize himself with a few a new alphabetical arrangement as thoroughly as a boy on learning his primer. This is the most difficult of the business, but when mastered it comes as easy as the ordinary ABC.
 
For example, you want the name on a brooch, supposing it to be ‘Jane’. By the alphabetical arrangement (see Alphabet set) L stands for J, H for A, D for N and F for E -  this will give the answer when put as follows: “Look at this name. Have you got it? Don't delay. Find it quick.” Attention is only paid to the first letter of every sentence and it will be seen that to name of Jane is spelled. Again take ‘Gazette’ which is abbreviated in order to simplify the question -  A stands for G, H for A ‘hurry’ for Z, F for E, and P for T. The question would be, “Are you able to tell the name? Here it is. Hurry. Find a name. Please be quick.” Here you have Gazette in short meter the letters K U N and Z being difficult ones wherewith to commence and interrogative sentence the words ‘pray’, ‘look’, ‘see this’, and ‘hurry’ are used as will be seen in the alphabet set. Care must be taken not to commence a sentence with either of these words unless applicable to the word to be spelled. These questions may look strange on paper, but when asked in an abrupt, disjointed way sound perfectly natural. After the alphabet we have the numbers, which are easily committed to memory. The words used are:
 
For 1.    Say or speak                      For 8.    Are or ain’t
“ 2.       He, look, or let                  “ 9.        Now      
“ 3.       Can, or can’t                     “ 10.      Tell
“ 4.       Do, or don’t                      “ 0.        Hurry or come
“ 5.       Will, or won’t                    “ Well, to repeat last figure
“ 6.       What
“ 7.       Please, or pray
 
If the number 1,234 is required attention must only be paid to the first word of a sentence thus: “ Say the number. Be careful. Can you see it? Do you know?” For instance the number of 100 would be, “Tell me the number. Hurry.” A rather difficult number would be 1111. The question would be put thus:- “Say the number. Well? Speak out. Say what it is.”

On a watch or a banknote there are some times eight or nine numbers which can be followed as easily as the above. There are 10 colours which will comprise the list as they are set forth in the table. And the solution of the numbers, as explained, will furnish the key; for example the article presented is green, the question will be, “What is the colour?” Green being the sixth colour in the list. If Brown is wanted, and as it stands fourth in the list, the word would be do you know the colour?
 
The words explaining the numbers, as given in the list, are applied to the articles enumerated in each of the tables. The metals -  for instance ‘gold’ is presented, which is the first on the list. The question should be, “Say what metal? Or aluminium, which is tenth in the list, “Tell me the metal?”
 
ARTICLES IN SETS
and arranged, numbering no more than 10. Each set has at the head a different question, worded very nearly alike, so as to make the audience believe that the same question is being constantly asked. The question at the head of the set, which is always asked first, is the clue to the set, which contains the article to be described. Each set is numbered as in the case of the colours and metals, and the word conveys each particular article. For the first set the question is, “What article is this?” This gives the clue to 10 distinct articles. The next demand may be, “Don't you know? Which would be a glove, it being fourth on the list. “Say the colour”, which is white, being first on the list. “What is the fabric?” The answer being kid, as it is sixth on the list. “Do you know the number of buttons on each?” Answer, Four.
 
A watch embodies a great number of questions, more so than other articles. If you want to describe it fully it is first in the second set, the key of which is, “What is this?” We will say that it is a lady’s gold watch, double case, 3 bands, made by Bennett, number 7,942 the initials from TB to JD engraved on the case, the year 1894, and blue enamel, set with 5 diamonds. This is a complex question and must be put and answered as follows:-
 
Q- What is this, say?
A- A watch.
 
Q- Say the metal?
A- Gold
 
Q- Say to whom it belongs?
A- A lady
 
Q- Yes?
A- A double case
 
Q- Can you tell the number of hands?
A- Three
 
Q- Do you know the maker?
A- Bennett, London
 
Q- Please tell the number? Now, then; don’t you know it? Be quick.
A- 7,942
 
Q- Can you tell the colour of the enamel?
A- blue
 
Q- Pardon a moment. Tell me the initials?
A- T.B.
 
Q- Let me know to whom? Go on.
A- J.D.
 
Q- Now the year. Do you know it?
A- 1894
 
Q- Say these stones?
A- Diamonds
 
Q- Will you tell me how many?
A- Five

If it is a double case the simple word, “Yes” conveys the intelligence after “To whom it belongs.” If an open case the word “well” is used. Cards are told as follows:- First, the ‘playing card,’ second the suit, third the number of picture. Foreign coins, when presented, you ask, “Look at this. Do you know what it is?” then ask the metal, country, date, and value in English money. In reference to the date, if the coin is of this century, only the last two figures are asked; if a prior date the three last.
 
Other Examples –
“Pray, what is this? Tell me.” The answer is ‘Key.’ Now, in order to tell what kind of key these simple words will explain:
“Yes” – a watch key
“Well” – a door key
“Good” – a safe key

“What is here? Say” – the answer is ‘Pipe.’
Next to ascertain what kind of a pipe.
“Yes” -  a meerschaum pipe
“Well” – a wooden pipe
“Good” – a clay pipe
 
“Can you see this? Please say” – the answer is ‘Comb’
“Yes” – a pocket comb
“Well” – a toilet comb
“Good” – a curry comb

“Can you see this? Are you going to tell?”  - the answer is ‘Brush’
“Yes” – hair brush
“Well” – clothes brush
“Good” – paint brush
If an article is presented which is not down in the sets, the alphabet will have to be resorted to, and the article spelled out.
 
THE ALPHABET
A is H                     J is L                       S is N
B is T                      K is “pray”             T is P
C is S                      L is C                      U is “look”
D is G                     M is O                     V is Y
E is F                      N is D                     W is R
F is E                      O is V                      X is “see this”
G is A                     P is J                       Y is Q
H is I                     Q is W                     Z is “hurry”
I is B                      R is M
“Hurry up” means to repeat last letter.

 

COLOURS
1. White                               6. Green
2. Black                                7. Yellow
3. Blue                                 8. Gray
4. Brown                              9. Golden
5. Red                                10. Mixed
 
METALS
1. Gold                                 6. Iron
2. Silver                                7. Tin
3. Brass                                8. Platina.
4. Copper or bronze               9. Steel
5. Lead                                10. Aluminium
 
THE SETTINGS
1. Diamond                         6. Garnet
2. Ruby                              7. Emerald
3. Pearl                              8. Turquoise
4. Amethyst                        9. Carbuncle [almandine]
5. Onyx                             10. Topaz
“The Stone” – Opal
 
 
OF WHAT?
1. Lady                                  6. Group
2. Gentleman                         7. Animal
3. Boy                                   8. Drawing
4. Girl                                    9. Sketch
5. Child                                 10. Cigarette picture

COUNTRIES
1. England                           6. Italy
2. America                           7. Spain
3. France                             8. Canada
4. Germany                          9. Australian colonies
5. Russia                            10. Mexico

THE MATERIAL
1. Wood                               6. Rubber
2. Stone                               7. Leather
3. Marble                             8. Bone
4. Bronze                             9. Ivory
5. Ebonite                          10. China
 
THE FABRIC
1. Silk                                   6. Kid
2. Satin                                 7. Leather
3. Wool                                 8. Buckskin
4. Cotton                              9. Lace
5. Linen                              10. –
  
WATCHES
(To tell the maker’s name of watches)
1. American Watch Company      6. Waterbury
2. Waltham                               7. Swiss
3. Elgin                                    8. Rotherham
4. Bennett                                9. –
5. Stewart, Dawson                 10. –

FIRST SET
What article is this?
1. Handkerchief                 6. Basket
2. Neckerchief                    7. Bead
3. Bag                               8. Comforter
4. Glove                             9. Head-dress
5. Purse                           10. Fan

SECOND SET
What is this?
1. Watch                              6. Necklace
2. Bracelet                           7. Ring
3. Guard                              8. Pedometer
4. Chain                               9. Cross
5. Breast Pin                       10. Charm
  
THIRD SET
What may this be?
1. Hat                                  6. Muff
2. Cap                                 7. Cape
3. Bonnet                            8. Boa
4. Cuff                                9. Inkstand
5. Collar                            10. Mucilage
 
FOURTH SET
What is here?
1. Pipe                                6. Tobacco Box
2. Cigar                               7. Tobacco Pouch
3. Cigar holder                     8. Match
4. Cigarette                         9. Matchbox
5. Tobacco                         10. Cigar-lighter

FIFTH SET
What have I here?
1. Spectacles                     6. Opera glass case
2. Spectacle case               7. Magnifying glass
3. Eye glass                       8. Telescope
4. Eye glass case                9. Compass
5. Opera glass                  10. Corkscrew
 
SIXTH SET
Can you see this?
1. Knife                              6. Toothpick
2. Scissors                          7. Comb
3. Pin                                 8. Brush
4. Needle                            9. Thimble
5. Cushion (pin)                10. Looking glass
 
SEVENTH SET
Do you know what this is?
1. Book                             6. Pamphlet
2. Pocket book                   7. Programme
3. Needle book                  8. Bill
4. Paper                            9. Letter
5. Newspaper                   10. Envelope

EIGHTH SET
Look at this
1. Bank-note                     6. Piece money
2. Mining scrip.                  7. Bank cheque
3. Currency                       8. Bond
4. Coin                             9. Silver coin
5. Gold piece                   10. Postage stamp

NINTH SET
Now, what is this?
1. Stick                            6. Picture
2. Whip                           7. Shoe
3. Parasol                        8. Boot
4. Umbrella                      9. Button
5. Umbrella cover            10. Stud
 
TENTH SET
Tell me this?
1. Earring                         6. Fork
2. Locket                          7. Spoon
3. Sleeve button               8. Armlet
4. Hairpin                        9. Ornament
5. Clothes-pin                 10. Check

ELEVENTH SET
I want to know this
1. Apple                             6. Lollies
2. Nut                                7. Popcorn
3. Cake                              8. Lozenge
4. Orange                           9. Grain
5. Lemon                          10. Wax

TWELFTH SET
Pray, what is this?
1. Screw                                6. Knob
2. Hinge                                7. Rule
3. Tool                                   8. Lock
4. Nail                                   9. Buckle
5. Tack                                  10. Key

THIRTEENTH SET
You know what this is?
1. Shot                                6. Percussion cap
2. Powder                            7. Cartridge
3. Bullet                               8. Surgical instrument
4. Gun                                 9. Musical instrument
5. Pistol                             10. Tuning-fork

FOURTEENTH SET
Quick! This article?
1. Bouquet                         6. Toy
2. Bouquet-holder               7. Flag
3. Flower                           8. Bottle
4. wreath                           9. Game
5. Leaf                             10. Doll
 
FIFTEENTH SET
Name this article
1. Pen                                6. Case
2. Pen holder                      7. Reel
3. Pencil                             8. Soap
4. Eraser                            9. Perfumery
5. Rubber                         10. Cup

SIXTEENTH SET
Say, what is this?
1. Card                               6. Bunch keys
2. Card case                        7. Tablet
3. Playing card                    8. Card
4. Button-hook                    9. Tweezer
5. Key Ring                       10. Cork

SEVENTEENTH SET
This article?
1. Bible                               6. Hymn book
2. Testament                       7. Music
3. Tract                               8. Smelling bottle
4. Bookmark                       9. Vinaigrette
5. Prayer book                   10. Strap

EIGHTEENTH SET
(Playing Cards)
1. Diamonds         “Right” Ace
2. Hearts              “That’s Right” King
3. Clubs                “Good” Queen
4. Spades             “Very good” Jack
 
NINETEENTH SET
(Devices)
1. Masonic                         6. Elks
2. Oddfellow                      7. Buffaloes
3. K of P.                           8. Gardeners
4. Druids                           9. –
5. Musical                        10. –

VALUE IN ENGLISH MONEY
1. Halfpenny                      6. Florin
2. Penny                            7. Half-a-crown
3. Threepence                    8. Crown
4. Sixpence                        9. Half-sovereign
5. One shilling                   10. Sovereign
 
 
When articles are described by the same question being asked, “And this? “And this?” “And this?” they are simply articles that are such as are surer to be found in any audience, and are committed to memory in a given order. Thus – 1. a lady’s glove 2. An eyeglass 3. Gentleman’s whiskers 4. Umbrella 5. Necktie 6. Programme 7. Handkerchief 8. Gent’s coat 9. Lady’s sleeve 10. Back of a chair 11. Watch-chain 12. Gentleman’s bald head.
 
The magician convey by some agreed phrase, as  “what is this that I am pointing out?” the intimation that he is about to commence this pre-arrange list. The words “and this?” conveying to the lady on the stage that she is required to name the next article in succession. Should, by exception, any article of the list be not visible among the audience the omission need create no difficulty. “And this, quick!” will convey to the lady that she is to skip one item and name the next. Sometimes even this small amount of speaking is dispense with, and the magician merely strikes a small bell or snaps his fingers, by way of query, when the lady names the articles point out.
 
 
For the
DUMB BUSINESS
A third person is brought into question. This person is in some position where he can see whatever is offered to the magician, generally at a peep-hole at the side of the stage, and by means of a speaking-tube leading from the side of the stage to under the stage and thence through a hollow leg of the chair, terminating at the top close to the lady’s ear, he is able to communicate the names of the articles.
 
The ”Hat” business is also brought in. Although introduced at the end, this part of the trick is commenced when the magician first comes on the stage and before the lady appears. A soft felt hat is borrowed, and the magician requests the loan of a few articles. Considerable fuss is made in collecting these, and they are gathered from various parts of the house. As a rule not more than three or four things are taken, but with them are placed four or five odd articles belonging to the performer, such as a curious coin, a pin-cushion with a certain number of pins in it, &c. Finally the hat is placed where all can see it, and the magician goes off for his lady assistant. As he passes behind the wings, he whispers to her the names of the “borrowed” articles. The trick is now introduced, and proceeds through various phases until at length the “hat” is reached. As a final and conclusive test, says the magician, “let us go back to the hat, which has never once left your sight. Will some lady or gentleman ask the question?” The articles are handed out singly. Of the borrowed ones merely the name is given, but of those belonging to the magician, of course, the minutest details are furnished. This part generally closed the “second sight” performance, it being clear to the minds of all “that this was not done by questions.” This concludes the supernatural vision mystery, which has so perplexed  the world. The magician generally ends by asking –
 
“Now, how is this done? Well, I don’t mind telling you, with the express understanding that it goes no further. It is neither mesmerism, spiritism, ventriloquism, rheumatism nor any other ism. It is brought about by the action of arcanadynamics, subjectively submitted to the action of the passive agent, and the result, as you have seen, is a stentorophonic reproduction of the original idea. I’m afraid it’s not yet quite clear to some of you. Well, then, in other words, it’s a system of mental telephony. When an article is offered to me I seize it, and then my lady assistant sees it. Ah! You smile; you understand it; but, remember, not a word outside as to how it’s done.”
 
The magician bows, the curtain falls, and the audience retire as much in the dark as ever, except those who have read this explanation of the second-sight mystery.
 
 
END OF SERIES
 
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